3/1/2024 0 Comments Beersmith 3 pay without paypal![]() ![]() I’ve done it in the past and it’s basically how the card swiper works. The ability to record in the software about new ingredients, or hopping schedules I can write on my brew sheets with a pencil for that stuff. You should be able to pay with a credit card through PayPal without having a PayPal account. Ability to use across mac/pc or multiple Pcs (network drive recipe or inventory files) would be ideal. Next select the equipment profile you want to scale to by clicking on the Equipment selector this will bring up your list of. I'd prefer not to spend more money, especially a subscription product, but sure did like the BS format.īeen trying to get back into brewing since taking a break for a few years, and it seems there must be other options out there.Įase of use is key. To scale a recipe, simply open the recipe and select the Scale Recipe button which is on the large ribbon for BeerSmith desktop or near the bottom for BeerSmith mobile. Since I went electric and sold my propane system I never really got BS2 synced to my new system like I had with my propane system. The Tilt wireless hydrometer has become a popular tool for home brewers. In general would prefer not to spend more money on a new product. This week I’m going to cover the new Tilt import features added in BeerSmith 3.1, as well as general features for importing and exporting CSV fermentation data from other sources. I don't like how it handles multiple different versions of a recipe you've brewed more than once. I like how it progressively calculates your efficiency over time. ![]() I don't use the cloud, I don't use inventory management, I just want to hit strike temps, do the basic calculations, and get an idea of where my recipes fall into style guidelines. For example if your global units are set to pounds. ![]() All you need to do is enter a number followed by a unit abbreviation and the program will convert the unit in place. I use BS2 plus Bru N Water premium spreadsheet for brewing and pH and strike temps are usually spot on. In addition to the global settings, each data entry field in BeerSmith 3 has a mini-calculator in it that can do unit conversions on the fly for you. Be sure to sign up for my newsletter or my podcast (also on itunes…and youtube…and streaming radio station) for more great tips on homebrewing.So what if any are the real benefits of brewing with Beersmith 3 instead of Beersmith 2? I've paid for Beersmith 2 and BS3 is a subscription based product. Get the finest collection of Beer from different brands at the best price. Start Your Free Trial Watch It In Action Member Login. Download and share recipes using your free account Create a Free Account BeerSmith Web Editor. User Name: Password: Keep me logged in Forgot Password or User Name Create a New Account. Thanks for joining me on the BeerSmith Home Brewing Blog. Blood Orange and Pomegranate (1) Dieu du Ciel (11) Mamma Mia (1) Order Beer online and get it delivered to your door from liquor stores near you. If you are a new BeerSmith user you can create your account here. Make sure you select the correct one, the one that matches the method used in the original recipe when converting. ![]() You can find additional tutorials on the main tutorial page and download a free trial copy of BeerSmith from . Be aware, there are 3 main methods for calculating IBU, and the results (estimates) differ among them. BeerSmith 3.2 Desktop Update We’re also releasing a BeerSmith 3.2 update you can find here which adds the ability to transfer profiles and ingredients between the desktop and cloud, in addition to the existing cloud folder features which let you exchange recipes. BeerSmith 3 has a great scaling function that lets you download and scale a recipe to match your equipment in minutes, or even scale recipes up from homebrew to commercial batch sizes. Here is a summary of the BeerSmith Web features, BeerSmith 3.2 release notes, major features in BeerSmith 3.1 along with the major features in BeerSmith 3. Follow week I present a short video tutorial on how to scale a recipe to match your equipment profile in BeerSmith 3. ![]()
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![]() ![]() That is why the pieces also have different values. Lesson 2 – How to make good exchangesĮach of the chess pieces have their own strengths and weaknesses. Once you’ve mastered this lesson you will be able to play a basic game of chess. You will learn the names of all the pieces, how to pack the chessboard, how the pieces move and what you need to do to win a game of chess. The first lesson in this chess course is intended for anyone who knows nothing at all, or very little, about the game of chess. (It’s also an ideal opportunity for your family to learn the game). Summary of the chess course for beginnersīelow is a short description of each lesson presented in the free Chess Course for Beginners. The lessons are presented in a way that is easy to understand. Video lessons total play time: 1 hour 48 minutes. ![]() You can study the diagrams and descriptions or, if you prefer, you can watch the videos. ![]()
3/1/2024 0 Comments Kontakt strings library![]() ![]() We also agreed that recording medium-sized ensembles in their traditional seating arrangement would not only provide enough “solo-istic” detail in the recordings, but would have a more natural transparency when writing harmonies. This not only provides unique possibilities with expression, but also saves the need to use another controller to simulate a decrescendo to ‘niente’. Lastly, we included a “To Silence” button that can enable the modwheel to completely diminish the softest dynamic to silence. ![]() We also developed a “Sustain Sync” feature that synchronizes the starting sustain with the following intervals/repetitions, which saves you from having to make adjustments to start-notes to closely match the intervals timing upon quantization. This involved creating a single, natural mix and omitting seldom-used legato articulations. requires free Native Instruments Kontakt Player Version 5.7.1+ or full. This also meant approaching the sessions in a unique, musical way to capture the kind of singular legato we were looking for.Īnother focus was to dial things back with what we felt was necessary to produce credible string arrangements in a shorter amount of time. Boutique String Collection comprising over 7 different thematic string libraries. We wanted performances that catered to… (yes, I have to say it) soaring string lines and dramatic passages by having the players really dig in with the vibrato and giving us all they had with the triple forte dynamic. This would be compatible with both 32 bit and 64 bit windows.WITH SO MANY GREAT LEGATO STRING LIBRARIES OUT THERE, WHY ANOTHER ONE? This is complete offline installer and standalone setup for KONTAKT Factory Library & Prominy SC Electric Guitar. KONTAKT Factory Library & Prominy SC Electric Guitar Free DownloadĬlick on below button to start KONTAKT Factory Library & Prominy SC Electric Guitar Free Download. Processor: Intel Dual Core processor or later.Hard Disk Space: 180 MB of free space required.Operating System: Windows XP/Vista/7/8/8.1/10.System Requirements For KONTAKT Factory Library & Prominy SC Electric Guitarīefore you start KONTAKT Factory Library & Prominy SC Electric Guitar free download, make sure your PC meets minimum system requirements. Latest Version Release Added On: 17th Nov 2019.Compatibility Architecture: 32 Bit (x86) / 64 Bit (圆4).Setup Type: Offline Installer / Full Standalone Setup.Software Full Name: KONTAKT Factory Library & Prominy SC Electric Guitar.KONTAKT Factory Library & Prominy SC Electric Guitar Technical Setup Details You can also download Gforce – Virtual String Machine VST + Expansion.įeatures of KONTAKT Factory Library & Prominy SC Electric Guitarīelow are some noticeable features which you’ll experience after KONTAKT Factory Library & Prominy SC Electric Guitar free download. ![]() It includes a different number of Guitar techniques and more. Users can create their own custom SPM settings and can combine any SPM instruments to SPM multi as required and assign key switches for creating SPM Instruments. The package also included low note samples which can be used in a wide range of sound genre. Discover the sound of strings at a legendary studio with this detailed sample library by Spitfire Audio. Spitfire Audio Abbey Road: Iconic Strings 2. The package included a huge library of Guitar instruments. Top 7 Strings Kontakt Libraries (And 3 Free Libraries) 2. The scripted interface common to all three instruments. KONTAKT Factory Library & Prominy SC Electric Guitar included 123,000 samples letting users learn new skills and giving the power to produce at a great degree. The free predecessor to Pettinhouse’s Funky Guitar 2, this instrument works 450MB of Fender Stratocaster loops and one-shots into three separate KONTAKT instruments: Funky Guitar, Funky Guitar Strum and Funky Guitar Muted. You can also download EarthMoments Sitar Guru Samples – Indian Strings. The package included with different features such as Double Tracking, Realtime Legato Slide, Auto Stroke Detections, and many more for providing users with a platform to produce guitar sounds with flexibility and reliability. KONTAKT Factory Library & Prominy SC Electric Guitar offers users to compose and create natural guitar tracks which output in real guitar sounds. KONTAKT Factory Library & Prominy SC Electric Guitar Overview Does that mean if I purchased that library, it would fully work out of the. Its full offline installer standalone setup of KONTAKT Factory Library. For example, Spitfires solo strings library says that Kontakt Player is included. KONTAKT Factory Library & Prominy SC Electric Guitar. ![]() ![]() ![]() The aerial videos that he provided, and continues to provide, are better than we could have imagined. Nate truly “got it” from the beginning, which made the work on our end easier. ![]() Working with Sherer Video Production Inc. We couldn’t have asked for anything more! Director, Nonprofit Organization They personalized these memories with touching interviews of volunteers, staff and community members. Nate provided us with a beautiful video highlighting our organization’s special moments throughout the years. With the financial incentives of producing movies in the Pittsburgh. HR manager, Fortune 500 CompanyĮvery day, there is so much good taking placing in our organization-from the volunteers who unselfishly give of their time to the managers who are passionate about our mission to the grateful recipients of our work-that it was important for us to create a montage of our 30+ Years of service to the community. Productions Entertainment Services Events Floaters Errors and Omissions Stunts. ![]() We will definitely be using Sherer Video Production Inc. With their guidance and unique vision, we were able to provide engaging educational tools for our employees. Paul Firemanįrom the very first meeting with Nate and his team, they understood what we were looking for and how to creatively package our corporate training videos. ABC is the cornerstone of Disney-ABC Television. (Publisher Hearst owns the remaining 20 of ESPN.) In addition, the company operates mass-market publisher Hyperion. Sherer Productions is small enough to be personally connected and large enough to get any project done. ABC also owns an 80 stake in ESPN, a leader in cable sports broadcasting with a stable of channels, including ESPN2, ESPN Classic, and ESPN News, as well as its flagship channel. We have worked on many projects: live streaming, corporate videos, life stories, media transfers, video edits as well as drone coverage of special events. Nate has been supportive of my business growth and success and it is greatly appreciated. Nate, Zander and Chris are talented and easy to work with. They listened, they collaborated, they produced.and we couldn't be happier with the end result. ![]() Nate and his talented team absolutely delivered, well beyond expectations, for us. Cannot say enough good things about them. The crew was also quite respectful of COVID restrictions and made sure to socially distance and wear masks. My wife and I watched our video about 3 times the first day we got it. You can tell the crew put thought into not only what and how they were capturing the day, but also how it all would be put together in the video. The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette and TribLive also have amazing Pittsburgh-centric reporters in their A&E sections bringing you breaking news about Pittsburgh filming locations, Pittsburgh actor/crew success stories and much more.We hired Nate and his team for our wedding this past summer. This page is as up to date as possible, but new movies, shows and seasons are being announced constantly! Be sure to bookmark the Pittsburgh Film Office website and follow their social media for the latest news, casting calls and great events. While the distributor may have changed, Pittsburgh is once again the home for this series, with season two shooting in late 2022. It's been a tumultuous year for "American Rust," but fans rejoiced when the canceled Showtime show was acquired by Freevee and renewed for a second season. Look for this horror film sometime in 2023 on the streaming giant. Lee Daniels' newest film, with a loaded cast led by Mo'Nique and Glenn Close, also filmed in Pittsburgh with crews shutting down roads throughout McKees Rocks. ![]() 3/1/2024 0 Comments Traccar installation![]() Make sure you have created the folder as described. phpMyadmin Use Hub Page „phpmyadmin“ and Tag „latest“ Traccar use „traccar/traccar“ and Tag „alpine“ Create Container Define the image you want to pull Define „latest“Īs soon as you click „add“, you should see the file being downloaded in Docker -> Image. ![]() Let’s get the MariaDB first and use it as an example for the other two images. If you are familiar with how to pull an image, simply pull these and skip to create container. Create a network – provide a name for it. To separate and link our container we do need a special network. yourpassword to the password you later will provide when MariaDB is being set up.traccar.xml : Here is my example, you need to edit it according to your needs!.This file should not be edited by you unless you know what you do! default.xml : Use the file provided with the installer package from or download it from Github.As I’m travelling these days, I can’t fully update this instruction!There are two configuration files. What it basically says is, don’t link the „conf“ folder, but link traccar.xml only instead! The following instruction should work, but I haven’t tested it. With traccar version >5, before you move on, read this post carefully: In Synology folder /volume1/docker make your workspace for the container data and configuration files. Even though DSM already employs for example components like ngnix and postgres, separate containers will use a part of the existing Linux base but not interfere with any of the Synology’s components of functionality. Note: Synology’s DSM is a heavily customized Linux. Each aspect of a container runs in a separate namespace and its access is limited to that namespace. These namespaces provide a layer of isolation. The isolation and security allow you to run many containers simultaneously on a given host (Synology).ĭocker uses a technology called namespaces to provide the isolated workspace (the container). What is Docker?ĭocker is a platform written in Go and takes advantage of several features of the Linux kernel to deliver its functionality.ĭocker provides the ability to package and run an application in a loosely isolated environment called a container. The system we install in this instruction currently of 3 containers, one for the database, one for database management and one for traccar itself. Code and documentation can be found here: The Server can handle a wide variety of sensors and additional information supplied by GPS units. There are various mapping options, including road maps and satellite imagery. ![]() With Traccar you can view your GPS tracking devices in real-time with no delay. This is part of this instruction but is not an operating requirement.
![]() ![]() May be external achievements such as those on Xbox Live or Steam, internal achievements such as those in Clash of Clans, or both. Meta-goals defined outside a game's parameters. achievementĪlso badge, trophy, medal, cheevo. Comparable to pentakill in competitive games with teams made up of 5 players, such as MOBAs. Can also be used to describe situations where a player manages to complete a possibly difficult section of game flawlessly. ace Usually used within first-person shooters, where a single player manages to eliminate the entire opposing team by themselves while their teammates are alive. ![]() abandonware A game that is forgotten about or abandoned by its developers for any number of reasons, including copyright issues. AAA games are usually multiplatform or are first-party, have multimillion-dollar budgets, and expect to sell millions of copies. ![]() A AAAĪlso triple A.A high-budget game with a large development team. 360 no-scope A type of trickshot, very common in first-person shooters and similar, in which a player spins a full 360 degrees and lands a shot (usually with a sniper rifle of some sort) without aiming, ultimately heavily damaging or killing the adversary on the receiving end of the shot. ![]() 64-bit A descriptor for hardware or software that arose during the fifth generation of video game consoles, targeting 64-bit computer architecture. 32-bit A descriptor for hardware or software that arose during the fifth generation of video game consoles, targeting 32-bit computer architecture. 16-bit A descriptor for hardware or software that arose during the fourth generation of video game consoles, targeting 16-bit computer architecture. 8K resolution An aspect ratio of digital display devices such as televisions and monitors, supporting up to 7680 × 4320 pixel (roughly 8 kilopixels wide) resolutions. 8-bit A descriptor for hardware or software that arose during the third generation of video game consoles, targeting 8-bit computer architecture. Such games are usually complicated, involving extensive diplomacy, technology trees, and win conditions. 4X A genre of strategic video games, short for "explore, expand, exploit, and exterminate". 4K resolution An aspect ratio of digital display devices such as televisions and monitors, supporting up to 3840 × 2160 pixel (roughly 4 kilopixels wide) resolutions. 3D graphics Graphic rendering technique featuring three-dimensional objects. Often includes games where some objects are still rendered as sprites. 2.5D graphicsĪlso isometric graphics.Graphic rendering technique of three-dimensional objects set in a two-dimensional plane of movement. 2D graphics Graphic rendering technique in a two-dimensional perspective, often using sprites. Can be extended to any player versus player grouping, such as '2v2' to mean two teams of two battling each other, or "1v4" to refer to a team of four players against one (as seen in asymmetrical gameplay). 1v1 An abbreviation of 1 versus 1, denoting two players battling against each other. 100% To collect all collectibles within a game, either indicated within games as a percentage counter or determined by player community consensus. 1-up An object that gives the player an extra life (or attempt) in games where the player has a limited number of chances to complete a game or level. To complete an arcade (or arcade-style) game without using continues. 0–9 1CC Abbreviation of one-credit completion or one-coin clear. ![]() 2/29/2024 0 Comments Bear drawing with middle finger![]() With their exaggerated features and expressive personalities, they instantly bring joy to any artwork. With a bit of practice and attention to detail, you’ll be able to create lifelike bear illustrations that truly capture their essence.Ĭartoon bears offer a delightful and playful approach to drawing. We will explore various bear species, such as the grizzly, polar, and panda bears, focusing on their distinctive features and proportions. ![]() Drawing realistic bears allows us to appreciate the fascinating details of these majestic animals. If you’re looking to depict bears in a more realistic manner, this section is for you. Capturing the Wildlife Spirit: Drawing Realistic Bears From outlining the body shape to adding the endearing details, you’ll soon have a delightful teddy bear of your own creation. In this section, we will guide you through the process of drawing a charming teddy bear step-by-step. Known for their cuddly appearance, teddy bears are adored by people of all ages. One of the most iconic and beloved bear characters is the teddy bear. The Playful Teddy Bear: A Classic Favorite By breaking down their structure, we can easily recreate their unique characteristics and expressions. Bears can be simplified into a combination of circles, ovals, and triangles. Understanding the Basics of Drawing Bearsīefore we dive into drawing bears, it’s essential to familiarize ourselves with the basic shapes and features that make up these adorable creatures. ![]() So grab your pencils and let’s embark on this artistic adventure! Whether you’re a seasoned artist or just starting out, these simple techniques and step-by-step guides will help you create charming bear illustrations. In this blog post, we will explore the fascinating world of easy-to-draw bears. Drawing can be a rewarding and relaxing activity, allowing us to express our creativity and bring life to our imagination. ![]() 2/29/2024 0 Comments Budget planner and calendar![]() ![]() If that fee is not included in your municipality, be sure to add that expense in the budget calculator using this line item.Ĭable/TV/Internet: If you have a provider who takes care of all your tech utilities, you’ll only have one bill, so you can simply enter the monthly amount in the budget calculator here. If you pay for water bills separately, your provider will often include a sewage fee. If you spend a fortune in the summer months on A/C or keep that heat pumping in the wintertime, do an aggregate based on your most expensive bill and your cheapest one and divide that number by two. Estimate an amount for your utility expenses based on the last 3 months of payments or the past year. Water/Gas/Electricity: Utility bills can also be tough to estimate - they can vary month to month based on the weather in your locale. ![]() There will be a box later for your emergency fund contributions. If you decide to use your emergency fund, leave the box blank. Use your “emergency fund” to cover maintenance and repairs.Choose an amount to set aside every month toward a maintenance “fund”.Do the best you can to estimate a monthly cost. ![]() If you’re not sure what to enter in the budget calculator, here are 3 ways to approach the problem: You can go months without incurring any repair and then have to replace your entire roof, so try to put together a rough estimate - it’s always better to overestimate and be prepared. If you’re a homeowner or renter who is responsible for maintenance and repairs, you’ll want to try and estimate what you spend per month - which can be difficult. Unless you have a specific agreement with your landlord to fix things around your rental property, you can leave this section blank. Repairs/Maintenance: If you rent, your landlord is most likely the party responsible for any repairs around the house. If your home insurance is wrapped up in your monthly mortgage payment, don’t worry about it adding in this section - you don’t need to account for the payment twice. Home insurance: This box is for home insurance or renter’s insurance. You can also use this box for other home-related expenses like storage rental fees, monthly pet fees, parking fees, or any costs that aren’t otherwise covered in this section of the budget maker. Have a yard full of pink plastic flamingos because you’ll never answer to a HOA? Leave the box blank. HOA Fees: If your neighborhood has a HOA, you need to make sure you account for your fees in the budget calculator. If you own your home and your property taxes are not included in your mortgage payment, divide those taxes by 12 and add it to your mortgage - the goal is to ensure that your property taxes are covered in your monthly budget. Enter the amount of your monthly mortgage payment in the mortgage box, or the amount of your monthly rent in the rent box of the budget calculator. Mortgage or Rent: Whether you own or rent, you’ll need to factor in your housing expenses. Others, like groceries and entertainment expenses, will be estimates. Some of these costs, like rent and car payments, will be specific numbers. Once you’ve figured out how much money you’re bringing in each month after taxes, you’ll need to figure out how much you need to spend on your monthly expenses. Step 2: How to determine and enter monthly expenses You can also use this section to add a second income if you’d like to create a joint budget. If you have additional income such as a side hustle, or you receive child support, alimony, or other supplemental income, add that monthly amount under Other Income. If the last 3 months were unusually high or low, add up all your deposits for the past year instead and divide by 12 to get a better average. Enter that amount in the budget calculator.
2/29/2024 0 Comments Soccer numbered positions![]() ![]() Germany's No.10 at Italia '90, he dropped deep in the final to man-mark Diego Maradona out of the game as West Germany beat Argentina 1-0 - but he was a sweeper by the time Bayern made it to the Champions League final in 1999, in which they were cruelly edged by Manchester United. Lothar Matthäus was that rare player who was able to play more than one role to a world-class level. Breaks into the opponent’s box and tries to score. ![]() Equally adept at attacking and defending.David Ramos Position: Central midfielder Sami Khedira played circa 100 games for Stuttgart, Real Madrid and Juventus in a glittering career. The man who goes by Aussenrist - German for the outside of your foot - on social media has teed up 17 shots on the opposition goal. Normally operating from left centre-back, the right-footer has spun the ball to a teammate with a heat-seeking 91.3 per cent of his passes this season, even though he averages six progressive passes per game. Having initially made the move from Bayern to Borussia Dortmund in 2008, and back again in 2016, Hummels returned to the Signal Iduna Park three years later having played a critical role in keeping BVB at bay during his final season in Bavaria. Bravery and heading ability desirable, for use in either boxĪn asset on either side of the ball, Hummels and former long-time Bayern and Germany counterpart Jérôme Boateng redefined the central defensive role on approaching their collective peaks around the 2010 mark.May employ zonal or man-marking strategies.Pep Guardiola (l.) described Philipp Lahm (r.) as the most intelligent player he had ever coached - Lennart Preiss Position: Centre-back Lahm was particularly attacking the year Bayern won their first continental treble, and Pep Guardiola later described him as "perhaps most intelligent player I have ever trained" on moving him into midfield later on, but Lahm broke through on the left of a back four before spending most of his career on the right of one, and none have done it better. Neuer's teammate for club and country for much of that run, he too is a World Cup and Champions League winner, one who tallied 19 assists in the 2012/13 campaign. Philipp Lahm was Bayern captain before hanging up his boots in 2017, and had spent 15 years before that as the quintessential full-back in German, and indeed world, football. May overlap and send crosses into the opposition box.Provides support for the wide midfielder ahead of them.Goalkeepers, defenders, midfielder, forwards, and everything in between. And for anyone who doubts that the 37-year-old is up to the traditional nitty-gritty of the position, it's worth remembering he has a record 204 shut-outs in the Bundesliga. When his team is in possession he is just as valuable, with distribution and technique honed from moonlighting in midfield in training. On the rare occasions that his club or national team defences are breached, Neuer races off his line to quell the danger. Neuer has the shot-stopping ability of anyone who has gone before him, but the term "sweeper-keeper" was effectively invented for the Bayern Munich man, who has revolutionised the position in a 17-year career which has brought 11 Bundesliga titles, two UEFA Champions Leagues and the 2014 FIFA World Cup with Germany. The best goalkeeper in the world, and arguably of all time. Only player who can use their hands in their 18-yard box.Wears gloves, and a different coloured jersey from teammates.Also organises the defence and builds play from the back.Soccer positions explained: names, numbers and what they doįootball, soccer, the beautiful game… it's estimated that more than 250 million people play the sport in some capacity worldwide, but who is doing what, and where, when the 22 players take to the field?įrom Manuel Neuer to Harry Kane, the German top flight boasts some of the best players in the world in their positions. ![]() 2/29/2024 0 Comments Honolulu rail route map![]() The railroad was a popular tourist attraction for 45 years, operating about 6 miles of track. "Mac" McKelvy partnered with the Makai Corporation and began the Lahaina-Kaanapali & Pacific Railroad, better known as the Sugar Cane Train. Nevertheless, the history of Hawaii's railroads is a fascinating subject. While large segments remain here or there, at the same time much of the rights-of-way these systems utilized are difficult to trace since most have either been converted into highways/streets or plowed under for plantation use. You can also find components of the old standard-gauged Hawaii Consolidated Railway on the Big Island, 3-foot Kahului Railroad, and Kauai Railway (2'-6") among others. You can still find a great deal of the old Oahu Railway & Land Company network scattered around Oahu, and even ride a short segment via the Hawaiian Railway excursion. Hawaii Consolidated Railway (Standard Gauge, 4' 8 1 2")Ĭonsidering that virtually the entirety of Hawaii's historic rail network is now gone, there are a plethora of rights-of-way to explore.Hawaiian Agricultural Company (2'), Private Railroad.Akukini Terminal & Railroad Company (2' - 6").Hawaii's common-carrier systems included (3-foot gauge, unless otherwise noted): It was later reincorporated as the Kahului Railroad on July 1, 1881. Hawaii's first common-carrier system was the Kahului & Wailuku Railroad, which opened a 3-mile line from the Wailuku Sugar Company's plantation to the port of Kahului in September, 1879. established a coaling station and marine repair facility at the Pearl River Lagoon, which later became Pearl Harbor Naval Station. The treaty enabled the United States to purchase and export sugar from the Kingdom of Hawaii duty free. This pact was subsequently enforced on September 9, 1876. Hawaii's first railroad, or perhaps railroads, were merely private plantation operations that developed after the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 was signed. Hilton's book provides a fabulous synopsis of all narrow-gauge operations which once existed in the United States. Another you may want to look into is George Hilton's, "American Narrow Gauge Railroads." Those books provide an excellent overview on the subject. Over the years there have been many books written on Hawaii's railroads, from Gerald Best's "Railroads of Hawaii: Narrow And Standard Gauge Common Carriers" to "Next Stop Honolulu! The Story of the Oahu Railway & Land Company" by Jim Chiddix and MacKinnon Simpson. The railroad lasted until around 1950 when truckingĪnd mechanical farm machinery was more cost effective than railroads. The Island of Maui's railroad history dates back to 1890 when the island's large Pioneer Mill, which harvested sugar cane, built a short railroad to better move its product to market. Of all Hawaiian railroads the largest was the OR&L, which had double-track operations between Honolulu and Aiea, including block signaling and commuter train operations. * This is the Honolulu Rail Transit system, which is expected to open 20 miles of rapid transit lines in Honolulu between 2023-2031.Īfter World War II the railroad's infrastructure was almost entirely worn out after heavy use during the war to transport material and troops.Īs traffic began receding following the war, when a 55-foot tsunami struck the north shore of Oahu on Apthe railroad was all but forced to shutdown with the heavy damages inflicted on the property (as well as its customers). However, most of these had been abandoned by the 1950s, replaced by trucks. Hawaii's earliest history with railroads is often credited to the Island of Kauai, whose first system opened in 1881 on three miles of narrow-gauge track at the Kilauea Plantation to haul sugar cane.īy 1915 the island boasted over 200 miles of track, all of which served several sugar plantations. So, to be fair and respectful to each individual island and its history, I will try to give a brief overview of each island's railroads. Hawaiian railroads have a history that is a bit complex due to the fact that most of the islands had some type of railroad operating on them at one time or another. Today, the State of Hawaii has no operating freight or passenger railroads and its only functioning railroad services are tourist lines. ![]() ![]() Years, including dozens of private sugar plantation railroads. They were served by a number of common-carrier railroads over the While the islands have never had a large railroad presence ![]() Hawaii is rich in rail history albeit little of it remains in ![]() |
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